The casings:

Soak fibrous casings in water for 30 minutes prior to using. If you are using 2 ½ inch (6.4 cm) diameter casings that are about 12 inches (30 cm) long, four of them will be required.

The meat:

Using a 3/16-inch (4.8-mm) plate, grind 3 pounds (1360 g) of well-chilled beef, venison, elk, or moose. Game meat should be trimmed off all fat before grinding.

Next, grind 1 pound (450 g) of lean pork with 1 pound (450 g) of pork fat. Pass all the meat through the grinder twice if you want it to be finer. Chill the meat thoroughly.

Mix the Bradley Sugar Cure, seasoning, water, and powdered milk in a large bowl, until the ingredients are uniform. (For a normal salt taste, add the optional 1 teaspoon of salt; for a mild salt taste, omit the salt.)

Add the meat to the seasoning mixture and blend well by kneading for about 3 minutes.

Stuff the sausage into fibrous casings. Insert the cable probe of an electronic thermometer in the open end of one of the sausages, and close the casing around the probe with the butcher’s twine.

Refrigerate the stuffed sausages overnight.

Smoking:

Remove the sausage from the refrigerator, and place it in a smoker that has been heated to 150°F (65°C). Maintain this temperature with no smoke until the casing is dry to the touch. (Alternatively, dry the casing in front of an electric fan.) Raise the temperature to 160°F (71°C), and smoke the sausage for 3 to 6 hours. If you wish to cook the sausage in the smoker, raise the temperature to 180°F (82°C) and hot smoke until the internal temperature is 160°F (71°C).

Steam Cooking:

After smoking for 3 to 6 hours, wrap each sausage in plastic food wrap (optional), and then steam them until the internal temperature is 160°F (71°C). A steamer may be improvised by using a large pan with an elevated rack inside.

Cover with a lid.

Cooling:

As soon as the cooking is finished, chill the sausage in cold water until the internal temperature drops below 100°F (38°C). Refrigerate overnight before using.